Infection
Symptoms of an ear infection may at first be rather generalized — little appetite, listlessness, whining.

When observed closely, they will give clues to their ear distress by rubbing the head on the ground and scratching and pawing at the throbbing ear as well as shaking the head. Your vet will be able to determine the necessary treatment.

Sometimes this condition is caused by a build up of natural wax plus grime. Ask your vet about cleaning your dog's ears. Some breeds require periodic ear cleaning.

Long-eared dogs seem to be particularly susceptible to ear infections because moisture doesn't have a good opportunity to dry, making it a fine spot for germs to proliferate. This is why extreme care should be taken when bathing a long-eared dog. Cotton should be inserted before the bath and the ears should be thoroughly dried after the bath. Another difficulty experienced by long-eared breeds is that the ears get soiled and become a fine culture media. Checking the ears frequently and keeping them clean is good hygiene.

Deafness
A small percentage of dogs are deaf from birth on. This is the reason for checking the hearing prior to purchase. Deafness in a puppy is probably a birth defect. Certain breeds have a predisposition toward deafness, thus, careful breeding practices should be followed. Deafness can also be caused by illness and by accidents. Prompt health care can prevent unnecessary difficulties.

Old age—the villain—may also cause deafness. But, if watched carefully and directed by hand signals rather than voice signals, the older dog with a hearing loss can still continue to function.

Tumors
Tumors, both malignant and benign, are to be found in dogs. If you become aware of any lumps or swellings consult the vet promptly. Early detection and modern surgery have made tumors less dreaded. Unspayed females are most vulnerable to tumors. A wise idea is to have your veterinarian give your pet a yearly complete check-up after the age of five.

Fits
Fits are muscular tremors which appear suddenly. They may be caused by illness, poisoning, or by emotional upset. It is best to allow the dog to calm down and to consult the vet.